GTK窗口属于只能容纳一个控件的容器，因此只能向窗口中加入一个控件，如果向窗口中加一个能容纳多个控件的容器，再向此容器中添加其他别的控件，就可以实现向窗口中添加多个控件
GTK+2.0 中能容纳多个控件的容器主要有盒状容器(GtkBox)、格状容器(GtkTable)、按钮盒(GtkButtonBox)、分隔面板(GtkPanel)、固定布局(GtkFixed)、工具栏(GtkToolbar)等，其中最常用的是盒状容器和格状容器
本文介绍使用GTK2.0中的自由布局（GtkFixed）和表格布局（GtkTable）
自由布局（固定布局）
GtkFixed
自由布局中，可以在加入容器时，设置每个控件在容器中的位置
水平、垂直和表格布局容器，控件会跟着容器大小的变化进行自动适应，而自由布局容器里的控件则不会跟着变化。
函数
GtkWidget * gtk_fixed_new ()//自由布局的创建
void gtk_fixed_put ()//布局容器添加控件
void gtk_fixed_move ()//移动布局里控件的位置
gboolean gtk_fixed_get_has_window ()//Gets whether the GtkFixed has its own GdkWindow
void gtk_fixed_set_has_window ()//Sets whether a GtkFixed widget is created with a separate GdkWindow for widget->window or not
控件在容器中，可以设置大小，调整控件大小的函数
代码示例
#include<gtk/gtk.h>
int main(int argc,char* argv[]){
GtkWidget* window;
GtkWidget* fix;
//gtk初始化
gtk_init(&argc,&argv);
//创建窗口
window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window),"Layout");
gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window),400,300);
//新的自由布局
fix = gtk_fixed_new();
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window),fix);
//将控件添加进自由布局
GtkWidget *label0 = gtk_label_new("label");
gtk_fixed_put(GTK_FIXED(fix),label0,10,20);
GtkWidget *label1 = gtk_label_new("labell");
gtk_fixed_put(GTK_FIXED(fix),label1,60,20);
GtkWidget *label2 = gtk_label_new("labelll");
gtk_fixed_put(GTK_FIXED(fix),label2,160,20);
GtkWidget *button0 = gtk_button_new_with_label("button");
gtk_fixed_put(GTK_FIXED(fix),button0,50,110);
GtkWidget *button1 = gtk_button_new_with_label("buttonn");
gtk_fixed_put(GTK_FIXED(fix),button1,150,110);
GtkWidget *button2 = gtk_button_new_with_label("buttonnn");
gtk_fixed_put(GTK_FIXED(fix),button2,50,210);
//移动自由布局内的控件
gtk_fixed_move(GTK_FIXED(fix),button1,170,150);
//调整控件大小
gtk_widget_set_size_request(button1,60,60);
//信号连接
g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window),"destroy",G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit),NULL);
//显示窗体
gtk_widget_show_all(window);
//gtk主函数
gtk_main();
return 0;
}
表格布局
gtk_table_new()创建表格布局
GtkWidget* gtk_table_new (guint rows,
guint columns,
gboolean homogeneous);
Used to create a new table widget. An initial size must be given by specifying how many rows and columns the table should have, although this can be changed later with gtk_table_resize(). rows and columns must both be in the range 0 .. 65535.
rows :
The number of rows the new table should have.
columns :
The number of columns the new table should have.
homogeneous :
If set to TRUE, all table cells are resized to the size of the cell containing the largest widget.
Returns :
A pointer to the the newly created table widget.
gtk_table_attach_defaults()添加控件到布局
void gtk_table_attach_defaults (GtkTable *table,
GtkWidget *widget,
guint left_attach,
guint right_attach,
guint top_attach,
guint bottom_attach);
As there are many options associated with gtk_table_attach(), this convenience function provides the programmer with a means to add children to a table with identical padding and expansion options. The values used for the GtkAttachOptions are GTK_EXPAND | GTK_FILL, and the padding is set to 0.
table :
The table to add a new child widget to.
widget :
The child widget to add.
left_attach :
The column number to attach the left side of the child widget to.
right_attach :
The column number to attach the right side of the child widget to.
top_attach :
The row number to attach the top of the child widget to.
bottom_attach :
The row number to attach the bottom of the child widget to.
gtk_table_attach()添加控件到布局
void gtk_table_attach (GtkTable *table,
GtkWidget *child,
guint left_attach,
guint right_attach,
guint top_attach,
guint bottom_attach,
GtkAttachOptions xoptions,
GtkAttachOptions yoptions,
guint xpadding,
guint ypadding);
Adds a widget to a table. The number of 'cells' that a widget will occupy is specified by left_attach, right_attach, top_attach and bottom_attach. These each represent the leftmost, rightmost, uppermost and lowest column and row numbers of the table. (Columns and rows are indexed from zero).
table :
The GtkTable to add a new widget to.
child :
The widget to add.
left_attach :
the column number to attach the left side of a child widget to.
right_attach :
the column number to attach the right side of a child widget to.
top_attach :
the row number to attach the top of a child widget to.
bottom_attach :
the row number to attach the bottom of a child widget to.
xoptions :
Used to specify the properties of the child widget when the table is resized.
yoptions :
The same as xoptions, except this field determines behaviour of vertical resizing.
xpadding :
An integer value specifying the padding on the left and right of the widget being added to the table.
ypadding :
The amount of padding above and below the child widget.
table是表格布局容器，child是添加到容器中的控件，guint left_attach,guint right_attach,guint top_attach,guint bottom_attach,是控件边缘在布局中的位置
3x3的table容器为例子，布局位置参考
| 位置(0,1,0,1) | 位置(1,2,0,1) | 位置(2,3,0,1) |
|---|---|---|
| 位置(0,1,1,2) | 位置(1,2,1,2) | 位置(2,3,1,2) |
| 位置(0,1,2,3) | 位置(1,2,2,3) | 位置(2,3,2,3) |
xoptions,yoptions表示该控件具有的扩展属性。
对于扩展属性标志
GTK_EXPAND 小部件应该展开以占用其容器中已分配的任何额外空间
GTK_SHRINK 小部件应尽可能缩小
GTK_FILL 小部件应该填充分配给它的空间
guint xpadding是一个整数值，指定要添加到表中的小部件左侧和右侧的填充，guint ypadding是子控件上方和下方的填充量
对于padding，如果你不想控件占满一个格子，很简单的办法是指定xpadding和ypadding为非0数值。他会在控件和格子边缘空出一部分，或者是使用gtk_widget_set_size_request手动调整控件大小，个人感觉这种办法更加麻烦一些。
测试代码：
#include<gtk/gtk.h>
int main(int argc,char* argv[]){
GtkWidget* window;
GtkWidget* table;
//gtk初始化
gtk_init(&argc,&argv);
//创建窗口
window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window),"Table Layout");
gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window),400,300);
//创建table容器
table = gtk_table_new(3,3,true);
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window),table);
//添加控件到容器
GtkWidget *button0 = gtk_button_new_with_label("button0");
GtkWidget *button1 = gtk_button_new_with_label("button1");
GtkWidget *button2 = gtk_button_new_with_label("button2");
GtkWidget *button3 = gtk_button_new_with_label("button3");
GtkWidget *button4 = gtk_button_new_with_label("button4");
GtkWidget *button5 = gtk_button_new_with_label("button5");
gtk_table_attach_defaults(GTK_TABLE(table),button0,0,1,0,1);
gtk_table_attach_defaults(GTK_TABLE(table),button1,1,2,0,1);
gtk_table_attach_defaults(GTK_TABLE(table),button2,0,2,1,2);
gtk_table_attach_defaults(GTK_TABLE(table),button3,2,3,0,2);
gtk_table_attach(GTK_TABLE(table),button4,0,1,2,3,GTK_SHRINK,GTK_SHRINK,0,0);
gtk_table_attach(GTK_TABLE(table),button5,1,3,2,3,GTK_FILL,GTK_FILL,20,20);
//信号连接
g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window),"destroy",G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit),NULL);
//显示窗体
gtk_widget_show_all(window);
//gtk主函数
gtk_main();
return 0;
}
