AES介绍
密码学中的高级加密标准（Advanced Encryption Standard，AES），又称Rijndael加密法，是美国联邦政府采用的一种区块加密标准。这个标准用来替代原先的DES（Data Encryption Standard），已经被多方分析且广为全世界所使用。经过五年的甄选流程，高级加密标准由美国国家标准与技术研究院 （NIST）于2001年11月26日发布于FIPS PUB 197，并在2002年5月26日成为有效的标准。2006年，高级加密标准已然成为对称密钥加密中最流行的算法之一 。
该算法为比利时密码学家Joan Daemen和Vincent Rijmen所设计，结合两位作者的名字，以Rijdael之名命之，投稿高级加密标准的甄选流程。（Rijdael的发音近于 "Rhine doll"。）
AES加密有AES-128、AES-192、AES-256三种，分别对应三种密钥长度128bits（16字节）、192bits（24字节）、256bits（32字节）
C语言加密库
AES C语言加密解密库tiny-AES-c
https://github.com/kokke/tiny-AES-c/
下载后解压，主要有三个文件：aes.c（加密算法实现） aes.h（c语言头文件） aes.hpp（c++头文件）
API
/* Initialize context calling one of: */
void AES_init_ctx(struct AES_ctx* ctx, const uint8_t* key);
void AES_init_ctx_iv(struct AES_ctx* ctx, const uint8_t* key, const uint8_t* iv);
/* ... or reset IV at random point: */
void AES_ctx_set_iv(struct AES_ctx* ctx, const uint8_t* iv);
/* Then start encrypting and decrypting with the functions below: */
void AES_ECB_encrypt(const struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf);
void AES_ECB_decrypt(const struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf);
void AES_CBC_encrypt_buffer(struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf, size_t length);
void AES_CBC_decrypt_buffer(struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf, size_t length);
/* Same function for encrypting as for decrypting in CTR mode */
void AES_CTR_xcrypt_buffer(struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf, size_t length);
要加密节目的数据是uint8_t格式，使用uint8_t可以避免在不同平台上出现不同字长的问题，因为计算机在表示数字时通常使用8位字节。一个uint8_t占用一个字节8位数据
在C99标准中定义了这些数据类型，具体定义在stdint.h中。
CBC和ECB模式由于没有 PKCS7填充，因此所有的数据必须是16字节的整数倍
在aes.h头文件中，允许在#include之前或编译时对其进行配置。
gcc编译时，通过-D选项进行编译时宏定义
#1 将aes.c文件编译为目标文件，生成aes.o文件
gcc -Os -DCBC=1 -DECB=1 -DCTR=1 -c aes.c
#2 将test.c文件编译为目标文件，生成test.o文件
gcc -c test.c
#3 利用aes.o执行链接操作，从而生成可执行文件test
gcc -static aes.o test.o -o test
#4 执行test文件
./test
下面以AES-128为例，加密解密数据
加密解密16进制数据
c.c
#include "aes.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <memory.h>//memcpy
#include <stdlib.h>//malloc
#include <string.h>//strlen
void main(){
//密钥
uint8_t key[] = { 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31 };
//要加密的数据
uint8_t in[] = { 0x11, 0x21, 0x31, 0x41, 0x51, 0x61, 0x71, 0x81, 0xc1, 0xc2, 0xc3, 0xc4, 0xc5, 0xc6, 0xc7, 0xc8 };
//要解密的数据
uint8_t out[] = { 0x3a, 0xd7, 0x7b, 0xb4, 0x0d, 0x7a, 0x36, 0x60, 0xa8, 0x9e, 0xca, 0xf3, 0x24, 0x66, 0xef, 0x97 };
struct AES_ctx ctx;
AES_init_ctx(&ctx, key);
//加密
AES_ECB_encrypt(&ctx, in);
printf("ECB encrypt: \n");
unsigned char i;
for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i){
printf("%.2x ", in[i]);
}
printf("\n");
//解密
AES_ECB_decrypt(&ctx, out);
printf("ECB decrypt: \n");
unsigned char j;
for (j = 0; j < 16; ++j){
printf("%.2x ", out[j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
编译运行
gcc c.c aes.c
a.exe
ECB encrypt:
65 34 c3 c0 7c 74 c4 de fc 02 c1 c8 10 ed 1c 3d
ECB decrypt:
3b df 6d d9 09 ea 5b cf 31 72 da 68 e3 b2 d3 bd
为了验证加密结果，在线aes加密网站
https://the-x.cn/cryptography/Aes.aspx
密钥是0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31，实际上就是ascii的"1111111111111111"
验证加密结果
验证解密结果
加密解密字符串数据
base64编码
aes对字符串加密后以base64编码成可见字符并显示
c语言base64编码解码的代码
base64.h
#ifndef _BASE_H_
#define _BASE_H_
#include <stdio.h>
char *base64_encode(const unsigned char *src, size_t len);
int base64_decode(const char* encoded_data, char* decoded_data);
#endif
base64.c
#include "base64.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
const char BASE64_CHAR[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
char *base64_encode(const unsigned char *src, size_t len) {
char *out = NULL;
size_t i, j;
const unsigned char *p = src;
out = (char *) malloc(len * 4 / 3 + 4);
if (out == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
for (i = 0, j = 0; i < len; i += 3, j += 4) {
unsigned int val = p[i] << 16 | (i + 1 < len ? p[i + 1] << 8 : 0) | (i + 2 < len ? p[i + 2] : 0);
out[j + 0] = BASE64_CHAR[(val >> 18) & 0x3F];
out[j + 1] = BASE64_CHAR[(val >> 12) & 0x3F];
out[j + 2] = (i + 1 < len) ? BASE64_CHAR[(val >> 6) & 0x3F] : '=';
out[j + 3] = (i + 2 < len) ? BASE64_CHAR[(val >> 0) & 0x3F] : '=';
}
out[j] = '\0';
return out;
}
int base64_decode(const char* encoded_data, char* decoded_data) {
int i, j, k = 0;
int padding = 0;
int len = strlen(encoded_data);
if (len < 4) {
return 0;
}
if (encoded_data[len - 1] == '=') {
padding++;
}
if (encoded_data[len - 2] == '=') {
padding++;
}
int decoded_len = 3 * len / 4 - padding;
for (i = 0; i < len; i += 4) {
int c[4];
for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
c[j] = strchr(BASE64_CHAR, encoded_data[i + j]) - BASE64_CHAR;
}
decoded_data[k++] = (char)((c[0] << 2) | (c[1] >> 4));
if (k >= decoded_len) {
break;
}
decoded_data[k++] = (char)(((c[1] & 0x0f) << 4) | (c[2] >> 2));
if (k >= decoded_len) {
break;
}
decoded_data[k++] = (char)(((c[2] & 0x03) << 6) | c[3]);
}
return decoded_len;
}
aes加密字符串
每次加密16字节，分若干次加密，解密。
分组长度的意思是，每次只能加密指定长度，比如AES-128，则每次只能加密16个字节，分若干次加密。
d.c
#include "aes.h"
#include "base64.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <memory.h>//memcpy
#include <stdlib.h>//malloc
#include <string.h>//strlen
void main(){
uint8_t key[16] = {0};
uint8_t in[32] = {0};
memcpy(key,"1234567887654321",16);//16字节的密钥
memcpy(in,"qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww",32);//copy 16*2 字节的字符串
struct AES_ctx ctx;
AES_init_ctx(&ctx, key);//初始化ctx
int i = 0;
int block = sizeof(in)/16;//每16字节为一组数据
for(i=0; i<block; i++){//每次加密16字节的数据
AES_ECB_encrypt(&ctx, &in[16*i]);
}
//加密后数据以base64编码显示
char *pFree = base64_encode(in,sizeof(in));
printf("aes dec encode: %s\n",pFree);
free(pFree);
}
编译运行
gcc d.c base64.c aes.c
a.exe
aes dec encode: rErlMphG27zsd5bg7HEttEr4Dn6xRurIUaF9Dl1eh8g=
验证加密结果
aes解密字符串
e.c
#include "aes.h"
#include "base64.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <memory.h>//memcpy
#include <stdlib.h>//malloc
#include <string.h>//strlen
void main(){
uint8_t key[16] = {0};
uint8_t out[512] = {0};
memcpy(key,"1234567887654321",16);//16字节的密钥
base64_decode("rErlMphG27zsd5bg7HEttEr4Dn6xRurIUaF9Dl1eh8g=", (char*)out);//解码base64数据
struct AES_ctx ctx;
AES_init_ctx(&ctx, key);//初始化ctx
int i = 0;
int block = strlen(out)/16;//每16字节为一组数据
for(i=0; i<block; i++){//每次解密16字节的数据
AES_ECB_decrypt(&ctx, &out[16*i]);
}
printf("aes dec decode: %s\n",out);
}
编译运行
gcc e.c base64.c aes.c
a
aes dec decode: qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww
解密中文字符
解密结果有中文字符，打印乱码的问题
包含
在printf函数打印中文前，使用
解决ascii输出中文乱码的问题
加密库源代码
aes.c
/*
This is an implementation of the AES algorithm, specifically ECB, CTR and CBC mode.
Block size can be chosen in aes.h - available choices are AES128, AES192, AES256.
The implementation is verified against the test vectors in:
National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-38A 2001 ED
ECB-AES128
----------
plain-text:
6bc1bee22e409f96e93d7e117393172a
ae2d8a571e03ac9c9eb76fac45af8e51
30c81c46a35ce411e5fbc1191a0a52ef
f69f2445df4f9b17ad2b417be66c3710
key:
2b7e151628aed2a6abf7158809cf4f3c
resulting cipher
3ad77bb40d7a3660a89ecaf32466ef97
f5d3d58503b9699de785895a96fdbaaf
43b1cd7f598ece23881b00e3ed030688
7b0c785e27e8ad3f8223207104725dd4
NOTE: String length must be evenly divisible by 16byte (str_len % 16 == 0)
You should pad the end of the string with zeros if this is not the case.
For AES192/256 the key size is proportionally larger.
*/
/*****************************************************************************/
/* Includes: */
/*****************************************************************************/
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h> // CBC mode, for memset
#include "aes.h"
/*****************************************************************************/
/* Defines: */
/*****************************************************************************/
// The number of columns comprising a state in AES. This is a constant in AES. Value=4
#define Nb 4
#if defined(AES256) && (AES256 == 1)
#define Nk 8
#define Nr 14
#elif defined(AES192) && (AES192 == 1)
#define Nk 6
#define Nr 12
#else
#define Nk 4 // The number of 32 bit words in a key.
#define Nr 10 // The number of rounds in AES Cipher.
#endif
// jcallan@github points out that declaring Multiply as a function
// reduces code size considerably with the Keil ARM compiler.
// See this link for more information: https://github.com/kokke/tiny-AES-C/pull/3
#ifndef MULTIPLY_AS_A_FUNCTION
#define MULTIPLY_AS_A_FUNCTION 0
#endif
/*****************************************************************************/
/* Private variables: */
/*****************************************************************************/
// state - array holding the intermediate results during decryption.
typedef uint8_t state_t[4][4];
// The lookup-tables are marked const so they can be placed in read-only storage instead of RAM
// The numbers below can be computed dynamically trading ROM for RAM -
// This can be useful in (embedded) bootloader applications, where ROM is often limited.
static const uint8_t sbox[256] = {
//0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x63, 0x7c, 0x77, 0x7b, 0xf2, 0x6b, 0x6f, 0xc5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2b, 0xfe, 0xd7, 0xab, 0x76,
0xca, 0x82, 0xc9, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0x59, 0x47, 0xf0, 0xad, 0xd4, 0xa2, 0xaf, 0x9c, 0xa4, 0x72, 0xc0,
0xb7, 0xfd, 0x93, 0x26, 0x36, 0x3f, 0xf7, 0xcc, 0x34, 0xa5, 0xe5, 0xf1, 0x71, 0xd8, 0x31, 0x15,
0x04, 0xc7, 0x23, 0xc3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9a, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xe2, 0xeb, 0x27, 0xb2, 0x75,
0x09, 0x83, 0x2c, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x6e, 0x5a, 0xa0, 0x52, 0x3b, 0xd6, 0xb3, 0x29, 0xe3, 0x2f, 0x84,
0x53, 0xd1, 0x00, 0xed, 0x20, 0xfc, 0xb1, 0x5b, 0x6a, 0xcb, 0xbe, 0x39, 0x4a, 0x4c, 0x58, 0xcf,
0xd0, 0xef, 0xaa, 0xfb, 0x43, 0x4d, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xf9, 0x02, 0x7f, 0x50, 0x3c, 0x9f, 0xa8,
0x51, 0xa3, 0x40, 0x8f, 0x92, 0x9d, 0x38, 0xf5, 0xbc, 0xb6, 0xda, 0x21, 0x10, 0xff, 0xf3, 0xd2,
0xcd, 0x0c, 0x13, 0xec, 0x5f, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xc4, 0xa7, 0x7e, 0x3d, 0x64, 0x5d, 0x19, 0x73,
0x60, 0x81, 0x4f, 0xdc, 0x22, 0x2a, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xee, 0xb8, 0x14, 0xde, 0x5e, 0x0b, 0xdb,
0xe0, 0x32, 0x3a, 0x0a, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5c, 0xc2, 0xd3, 0xac, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xe4, 0x79,
0xe7, 0xc8, 0x37, 0x6d, 0x8d, 0xd5, 0x4e, 0xa9, 0x6c, 0x56, 0xf4, 0xea, 0x65, 0x7a, 0xae, 0x08,
0xba, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2e, 0x1c, 0xa6, 0xb4, 0xc6, 0xe8, 0xdd, 0x74, 0x1f, 0x4b, 0xbd, 0x8b, 0x8a,
0x70, 0x3e, 0xb5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xf6, 0x0e, 0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xb9, 0x86, 0xc1, 0x1d, 0x9e,
0xe1, 0xf8, 0x98, 0x11, 0x69, 0xd9, 0x8e, 0x94, 0x9b, 0x1e, 0x87, 0xe9, 0xce, 0x55, 0x28, 0xdf,
0x8c, 0xa1, 0x89, 0x0d, 0xbf, 0xe6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2d, 0x0f, 0xb0, 0x54, 0xbb, 0x16 };
static const uint8_t rsbox[256] = {
0x52, 0x09, 0x6a, 0xd5, 0x30, 0x36, 0xa5, 0x38, 0xbf, 0x40, 0xa3, 0x9e, 0x81, 0xf3, 0xd7, 0xfb,
0x7c, 0xe3, 0x39, 0x82, 0x9b, 0x2f, 0xff, 0x87, 0x34, 0x8e, 0x43, 0x44, 0xc4, 0xde, 0xe9, 0xcb,
0x54, 0x7b, 0x94, 0x32, 0xa6, 0xc2, 0x23, 0x3d, 0xee, 0x4c, 0x95, 0x0b, 0x42, 0xfa, 0xc3, 0x4e,
0x08, 0x2e, 0xa1, 0x66, 0x28, 0xd9, 0x24, 0xb2, 0x76, 0x5b, 0xa2, 0x49, 0x6d, 0x8b, 0xd1, 0x25,
0x72, 0xf8, 0xf6, 0x64, 0x86, 0x68, 0x98, 0x16, 0xd4, 0xa4, 0x5c, 0xcc, 0x5d, 0x65, 0xb6, 0x92,
0x6c, 0x70, 0x48, 0x50, 0xfd, 0xed, 0xb9, 0xda, 0x5e, 0x15, 0x46, 0x57, 0xa7, 0x8d, 0x9d, 0x84,
0x90, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x00, 0x8c, 0xbc, 0xd3, 0x0a, 0xf7, 0xe4, 0x58, 0x05, 0xb8, 0xb3, 0x45, 0x06,
0xd0, 0x2c, 0x1e, 0x8f, 0xca, 0x3f, 0x0f, 0x02, 0xc1, 0xaf, 0xbd, 0x03, 0x01, 0x13, 0x8a, 0x6b,
0x3a, 0x91, 0x11, 0x41, 0x4f, 0x67, 0xdc, 0xea, 0x97, 0xf2, 0xcf, 0xce, 0xf0, 0xb4, 0xe6, 0x73,
0x96, 0xac, 0x74, 0x22, 0xe7, 0xad, 0x35, 0x85, 0xe2, 0xf9, 0x37, 0xe8, 0x1c, 0x75, 0xdf, 0x6e,
0x47, 0xf1, 0x1a, 0x71, 0x1d, 0x29, 0xc5, 0x89, 0x6f, 0xb7, 0x62, 0x0e, 0xaa, 0x18, 0xbe, 0x1b,
0xfc, 0x56, 0x3e, 0x4b, 0xc6, 0xd2, 0x79, 0x20, 0x9a, 0xdb, 0xc0, 0xfe, 0x78, 0xcd, 0x5a, 0xf4,
0x1f, 0xdd, 0xa8, 0x33, 0x88, 0x07, 0xc7, 0x31, 0xb1, 0x12, 0x10, 0x59, 0x27, 0x80, 0xec, 0x5f,
0x60, 0x51, 0x7f, 0xa9, 0x19, 0xb5, 0x4a, 0x0d, 0x2d, 0xe5, 0x7a, 0x9f, 0x93, 0xc9, 0x9c, 0xef,
0xa0, 0xe0, 0x3b, 0x4d, 0xae, 0x2a, 0xf5, 0xb0, 0xc8, 0xeb, 0xbb, 0x3c, 0x83, 0x53, 0x99, 0x61,
0x17, 0x2b, 0x04, 0x7e, 0xba, 0x77, 0xd6, 0x26, 0xe1, 0x69, 0x14, 0x63, 0x55, 0x21, 0x0c, 0x7d };
// The round constant word array, Rcon[i], contains the values given by
// x to the power (i-1) being powers of x (x is denoted as {02}) in the field GF(2^8)
static const uint8_t Rcon[11] = {
0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36 };
/*
* Jordan Goulder points out in PR #12 (https://github.com/kokke/tiny-AES-C/pull/12),
* that you can remove most of the elements in the Rcon array, because they are unused.
*
* From Wikipedia's article on the Rijndael key schedule @ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijndael_key_schedule#Rcon
*
* "Only the first some of these constants are actually used – up to rcon[10] for AES-128 (as 11 round keys are needed),
* up to rcon[8] for AES-192, up to rcon[7] for AES-256. rcon[0] is not used in AES algorithm."
*/
/*****************************************************************************/
/* Private functions: */
/*****************************************************************************/
/*
static uint8_t getSBoxValue(uint8_t num)
{
return sbox[num];
}
*/
#define getSBoxValue(num) (sbox[(num)])
/*
static uint8_t getSBoxInvert(uint8_t num)
{
return rsbox[num];
}
*/
#define getSBoxInvert(num) (rsbox[(num)])
// This function produces Nb(Nr+1) round keys. The round keys are used in each round to decrypt the states.
static void KeyExpansion(uint8_t* RoundKey, const uint8_t* Key)
{
unsigned i, j, k;
uint8_t tempa[4]; // Used for the column/row operations
// The first round key is the key itself.
for (i = 0; i < Nk; ++i)
{
RoundKey[(i * 4) + 0] = Key[(i * 4) + 0];
RoundKey[(i * 4) + 1] = Key[(i * 4) + 1];
RoundKey[(i * 4) + 2] = Key[(i * 4) + 2];
RoundKey[(i * 4) + 3] = Key[(i * 4) + 3];
}
// All other round keys are found from the previous round keys.
for (i = Nk; i < Nb * (Nr + 1); ++i)
{
{
k = (i - 1) * 4;
tempa[0]=RoundKey[k + 0];
tempa[1]=RoundKey[k + 1];
tempa[2]=RoundKey[k + 2];
tempa[3]=RoundKey[k + 3];
}
if (i % Nk == 0)
{
// This function shifts the 4 bytes in a word to the left once.
// [a0,a1,a2,a3] becomes [a1,a2,a3,a0]
// Function RotWord()
{
const uint8_t u8tmp = tempa[0];
tempa[0] = tempa[1];
tempa[1] = tempa[2];
tempa[2] = tempa[3];
tempa[3] = u8tmp;
}
// SubWord() is a function that takes a four-byte input word and
// applies the S-box to each of the four bytes to produce an output word.
// Function Subword()
{
tempa[0] = getSBoxValue(tempa[0]);
tempa[1] = getSBoxValue(tempa[1]);
tempa[2] = getSBoxValue(tempa[2]);
tempa[3] = getSBoxValue(tempa[3]);
}
tempa[0] = tempa[0] ^ Rcon[i/Nk];
}
#if defined(AES256) && (AES256 == 1)
if (i % Nk == 4)
{
// Function Subword()
{
tempa[0] = getSBoxValue(tempa[0]);
tempa[1] = getSBoxValue(tempa[1]);
tempa[2] = getSBoxValue(tempa[2]);
tempa[3] = getSBoxValue(tempa[3]);
}
}
#endif
j = i * 4; k=(i - Nk) * 4;
RoundKey[j + 0] = RoundKey[k + 0] ^ tempa[0];
RoundKey[j + 1] = RoundKey[k + 1] ^ tempa[1];
RoundKey[j + 2] = RoundKey[k + 2] ^ tempa[2];
RoundKey[j + 3] = RoundKey[k + 3] ^ tempa[3];
}
}
void AES_init_ctx(struct AES_ctx* ctx, const uint8_t* key)
{
KeyExpansion(ctx->RoundKey, key);
}
#if (defined(CBC) && (CBC == 1)) || (defined(CTR) && (CTR == 1))
void AES_init_ctx_iv(struct AES_ctx* ctx, const uint8_t* key, const uint8_t* iv)
{
KeyExpansion(ctx->RoundKey, key);
memcpy (ctx->Iv, iv, AES_BLOCKLEN);
}
void AES_ctx_set_iv(struct AES_ctx* ctx, const uint8_t* iv)
{
memcpy (ctx->Iv, iv, AES_BLOCKLEN);
}
#endif
// This function adds the round key to state.
// The round key is added to the state by an XOR function.
static void AddRoundKey(uint8_t round, state_t* state, const uint8_t* RoundKey)
{
uint8_t i,j;
for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
{
for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j)
{
(*state)[i][j] ^= RoundKey[(round * Nb * 4) + (i * Nb) + j];
}
}
}
// The SubBytes Function Substitutes the values in the
// state matrix with values in an S-box.
static void SubBytes(state_t* state)
{
uint8_t i, j;
for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
{
for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j)
{
(*state)[j][i] = getSBoxValue((*state)[j][i]);
}
}
}
// The ShiftRows() function shifts the rows in the state to the left.
// Each row is shifted with different offset.
// Offset = Row number. So the first row is not shifted.
static void ShiftRows(state_t* state)
{
uint8_t temp;
// Rotate first row 1 columns to left
temp = (*state)[0][1];
(*state)[0][1] = (*state)[1][1];
(*state)[1][1] = (*state)[2][1];
(*state)[2][1] = (*state)[3][1];
(*state)[3][1] = temp;
// Rotate second row 2 columns to left
temp = (*state)[0][2];
(*state)[0][2] = (*state)[2][2];
(*state)[2][2] = temp;
temp = (*state)[1][2];
(*state)[1][2] = (*state)[3][2];
(*state)[3][2] = temp;
// Rotate third row 3 columns to left
temp = (*state)[0][3];
(*state)[0][3] = (*state)[3][3];
(*state)[3][3] = (*state)[2][3];
(*state)[2][3] = (*state)[1][3];
(*state)[1][3] = temp;
}
static uint8_t xtime(uint8_t x)
{
return ((x<<1) ^ (((x>>7) & 1) * 0x1b));
}
// MixColumns function mixes the columns of the state matrix
static void MixColumns(state_t* state)
{
uint8_t i;
uint8_t Tmp, Tm, t;
for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
{
t = (*state)[i][0];
Tmp = (*state)[i][0] ^ (*state)[i][1] ^ (*state)[i][2] ^ (*state)[i][3] ;
Tm = (*state)[i][0] ^ (*state)[i][1] ; Tm = xtime(Tm); (*state)[i][0] ^= Tm ^ Tmp ;
Tm = (*state)[i][1] ^ (*state)[i][2] ; Tm = xtime(Tm); (*state)[i][1] ^= Tm ^ Tmp ;
Tm = (*state)[i][2] ^ (*state)[i][3] ; Tm = xtime(Tm); (*state)[i][2] ^= Tm ^ Tmp ;
Tm = (*state)[i][3] ^ t ; Tm = xtime(Tm); (*state)[i][3] ^= Tm ^ Tmp ;
}
}
// Multiply is used to multiply numbers in the field GF(2^8)
// Note: The last call to xtime() is unneeded, but often ends up generating a smaller binary
// The compiler seems to be able to vectorize the operation better this way.
// See https://github.com/kokke/tiny-AES-c/pull/34
#if MULTIPLY_AS_A_FUNCTION
static uint8_t Multiply(uint8_t x, uint8_t y)
{
return (((y & 1) * x) ^
((y>>1 & 1) * xtime(x)) ^
((y>>2 & 1) * xtime(xtime(x))) ^
((y>>3 & 1) * xtime(xtime(xtime(x)))) ^
((y>>4 & 1) * xtime(xtime(xtime(xtime(x)))))); /* this last call to xtime() can be omitted */
}
#else
#define Multiply(x, y) \
( ((y & 1) * x) ^ \
((y>>1 & 1) * xtime(x)) ^ \
((y>>2 & 1) * xtime(xtime(x))) ^ \
((y>>3 & 1) * xtime(xtime(xtime(x)))) ^ \
((y>>4 & 1) * xtime(xtime(xtime(xtime(x)))))) \
#endif
#if (defined(CBC) && CBC == 1) || (defined(ECB) && ECB == 1)
// MixColumns function mixes the columns of the state matrix.
// The method used to multiply may be difficult to understand for the inexperienced.
// Please use the references to gain more information.
static void InvMixColumns(state_t* state)
{
int i;
uint8_t a, b, c, d;
for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
{
a = (*state)[i][0];
b = (*state)[i][1];
c = (*state)[i][2];
d = (*state)[i][3];
(*state)[i][0] = Multiply(a, 0x0e) ^ Multiply(b, 0x0b) ^ Multiply(c, 0x0d) ^ Multiply(d, 0x09);
(*state)[i][1] = Multiply(a, 0x09) ^ Multiply(b, 0x0e) ^ Multiply(c, 0x0b) ^ Multiply(d, 0x0d);
(*state)[i][2] = Multiply(a, 0x0d) ^ Multiply(b, 0x09) ^ Multiply(c, 0x0e) ^ Multiply(d, 0x0b);
(*state)[i][3] = Multiply(a, 0x0b) ^ Multiply(b, 0x0d) ^ Multiply(c, 0x09) ^ Multiply(d, 0x0e);
}
}
// The SubBytes Function Substitutes the values in the
// state matrix with values in an S-box.
static void InvSubBytes(state_t* state)
{
uint8_t i, j;
for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
{
for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j)
{
(*state)[j][i] = getSBoxInvert((*state)[j][i]);
}
}
}
static void InvShiftRows(state_t* state)
{
uint8_t temp;
// Rotate first row 1 columns to right
temp = (*state)[3][1];
(*state)[3][1] = (*state)[2][1];
(*state)[2][1] = (*state)[1][1];
(*state)[1][1] = (*state)[0][1];
(*state)[0][1] = temp;
// Rotate second row 2 columns to right
temp = (*state)[0][2];
(*state)[0][2] = (*state)[2][2];
(*state)[2][2] = temp;
temp = (*state)[1][2];
(*state)[1][2] = (*state)[3][2];
(*state)[3][2] = temp;
// Rotate third row 3 columns to right
temp = (*state)[0][3];
(*state)[0][3] = (*state)[1][3];
(*state)[1][3] = (*state)[2][3];
(*state)[2][3] = (*state)[3][3];
(*state)[3][3] = temp;
}
#endif // #if (defined(CBC) && CBC == 1) || (defined(ECB) && ECB == 1)
// Cipher is the main function that encrypts the PlainText.
static void Cipher(state_t* state, const uint8_t* RoundKey)
{
uint8_t round = 0;
// Add the First round key to the state before starting the rounds.
AddRoundKey(0, state, RoundKey);
// There will be Nr rounds.
// The first Nr-1 rounds are identical.
// These Nr-1 rounds are executed in the loop below.
for (round = 1; round < Nr; ++round)
{
SubBytes(state);
ShiftRows(state);
MixColumns(state);
AddRoundKey(round, state, RoundKey);
}
// The last round is given below.
// The MixColumns function is not here in the last round.
SubBytes(state);
ShiftRows(state);
AddRoundKey(Nr, state, RoundKey);
}
#if (defined(CBC) && CBC == 1) || (defined(ECB) && ECB == 1)
static void InvCipher(state_t* state, const uint8_t* RoundKey)
{
uint8_t round = 0;
// Add the First round key to the state before starting the rounds.
AddRoundKey(Nr, state, RoundKey);
// There will be Nr rounds.
// The first Nr-1 rounds are identical.
// These Nr-1 rounds are executed in the loop below.
for (round = (Nr - 1); round > 0; --round)
{
InvShiftRows(state);
InvSubBytes(state);
AddRoundKey(round, state, RoundKey);
InvMixColumns(state);
}
// The last round is given below.
// The MixColumns function is not here in the last round.
InvShiftRows(state);
InvSubBytes(state);
AddRoundKey(0, state, RoundKey);
}
#endif // #if (defined(CBC) && CBC == 1) || (defined(ECB) && ECB == 1)
/*****************************************************************************/
/* Public functions: */
/*****************************************************************************/
#if defined(ECB) && (ECB == 1)
void AES_ECB_encrypt(const struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf)
{
// The next function call encrypts the PlainText with the Key using AES algorithm.
Cipher((state_t*)buf, ctx->RoundKey);
}
void AES_ECB_decrypt(const struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf)
{
// The next function call decrypts the PlainText with the Key using AES algorithm.
InvCipher((state_t*)buf, ctx->RoundKey);
}
#endif // #if defined(ECB) && (ECB == 1)
#if defined(CBC) && (CBC == 1)
static void XorWithIv(uint8_t* buf, const uint8_t* Iv)
{
uint8_t i;
for (i = 0; i < AES_BLOCKLEN; ++i) // The block in AES is always 128bit no matter the key size
{
buf[i] ^= Iv[i];
}
}
void AES_CBC_encrypt_buffer(struct AES_ctx *ctx, uint8_t* buf, uint32_t length)
{
uintptr_t i;
uint8_t *Iv = ctx->Iv;
for (i = 0; i < length; i += AES_BLOCKLEN)
{
XorWithIv(buf, Iv);
Cipher((state_t*)buf, ctx->RoundKey);
Iv = buf;
buf += AES_BLOCKLEN;
//printf("Step %d - %d", i/16, i);
}
/* store Iv in ctx for next call */
memcpy(ctx->Iv, Iv, AES_BLOCKLEN);
}
void AES_CBC_decrypt_buffer(struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf, uint32_t length)
{
uintptr_t i;
uint8_t storeNextIv[AES_BLOCKLEN];
for (i = 0; i < length; i += AES_BLOCKLEN)
{
memcpy(storeNextIv, buf, AES_BLOCKLEN);
InvCipher((state_t*)buf, ctx->RoundKey);
XorWithIv(buf, ctx->Iv);
memcpy(ctx->Iv, storeNextIv, AES_BLOCKLEN);
buf += AES_BLOCKLEN;
}
}
#endif // #if defined(CBC) && (CBC == 1)
#if defined(CTR) && (CTR == 1)
/* Symmetrical operation: same function for encrypting as for decrypting. Note any IV/nonce should never be reused with the same key */
void AES_CTR_xcrypt_buffer(struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf, uint32_t length)
{
uint8_t buffer[AES_BLOCKLEN];
unsigned i;
int bi;
for (i = 0, bi = AES_BLOCKLEN; i < length; ++i, ++bi)
{
if (bi == AES_BLOCKLEN) /* we need to regen xor compliment in buffer */
{
memcpy(buffer, ctx->Iv, AES_BLOCKLEN);
Cipher((state_t*)buffer,ctx->RoundKey);
/* Increment Iv and handle overflow */
for (bi = (AES_BLOCKLEN - 1); bi >= 0; --bi)
{
/* inc will overflow */
if (ctx->Iv[bi] == 255)
{
ctx->Iv[bi] = 0;
continue;
}
ctx->Iv[bi] += 1;
break;
}
bi = 0;
}
buf[i] = (buf[i] ^ buffer[bi]);
}
}
#endif // #if defined(CTR) && (CTR == 1)
aes.h
#ifndef _AES_H_
#define _AES_H_
#include <stdint.h>
// #define the macros below to 1/0 to enable/disable the mode of operation.
//
// CBC enables AES encryption in CBC-mode of operation.
// CTR enables encryption in counter-mode.
// ECB enables the basic ECB 16-byte block algorithm. All can be enabled simultaneously.
// The #ifndef-guard allows it to be configured before #include'ing or at compile time.
#ifndef CBC
#define CBC 1
#endif
#ifndef ECB
#define ECB 1
#endif
#ifndef CTR
#define CTR 1
#endif
#define AES128 1
//#define AES192 1
//#define AES256 1
#define AES_BLOCKLEN 16 //Block length in bytes AES is 128b block only
#if defined(AES256) && (AES256 == 1)
#define AES_KEYLEN 32
#define AES_keyExpSize 240
#elif defined(AES192) && (AES192 == 1)
#define AES_KEYLEN 24
#define AES_keyExpSize 208
#else
#define AES_KEYLEN 16 // Key length in bytes
#define AES_keyExpSize 176
#endif
struct AES_ctx
{
uint8_t RoundKey[AES_keyExpSize];
#if (defined(CBC) && (CBC == 1)) || (defined(CTR) && (CTR == 1))
uint8_t Iv[AES_BLOCKLEN];
#endif
};
void AES_init_ctx(struct AES_ctx* ctx, const uint8_t* key);
#if (defined(CBC) && (CBC == 1)) || (defined(CTR) && (CTR == 1))
void AES_init_ctx_iv(struct AES_ctx* ctx, const uint8_t* key, const uint8_t* iv);
void AES_ctx_set_iv(struct AES_ctx* ctx, const uint8_t* iv);
#endif
#if defined(ECB) && (ECB == 1)
// buffer size is exactly AES_BLOCKLEN bytes;
// you need only AES_init_ctx as IV is not used in ECB
// NB: ECB is considered insecure for most uses
void AES_ECB_encrypt(const struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf);
void AES_ECB_decrypt(const struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf);
#endif // #if defined(ECB) && (ECB == !)
#if defined(CBC) && (CBC == 1)
// buffer size MUST be mutile of AES_BLOCKLEN;
// Suggest https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)#PKCS7 for padding scheme
// NOTES: you need to set IV in ctx via AES_init_ctx_iv() or AES_ctx_set_iv()
// no IV should ever be reused with the same key
void AES_CBC_encrypt_buffer(struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf, uint32_t length);
void AES_CBC_decrypt_buffer(struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf, uint32_t length);
#endif // #if defined(CBC) && (CBC == 1)
#if defined(CTR) && (CTR == 1)
// Same function for encrypting as for decrypting.
// IV is incremented for every block, and used after encryption as XOR-compliment for output
// Suggesting https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)#PKCS7 for padding scheme
// NOTES: you need to set IV in ctx with AES_init_ctx_iv() or AES_ctx_set_iv()
// no IV should ever be reused with the same key
void AES_CTR_xcrypt_buffer(struct AES_ctx* ctx, uint8_t* buf, uint32_t length);
#endif // #if defined(CTR) && (CTR == 1)
#endif //_AES_H_
aes.hpp